Animals

 According to theorists Boeyens and Thackeray, The Golden Ratio is reflected in birds and in animal kingdoms, from large scale to minor entities. 
For example, according to Boeyens and Thackeray, The Golden Spiral is visible even in elephant tusks, and as I was observing it, I realized that even its gathered trunk reflects the Golden Spiral. 




Moreover, the Golden Spiral is also reflected in the horns of a ram.


Matila C. Ghyka, a novelist and theorist identified a golden ratio between the leg of the horse and the vertical thickness of the body. 

According to Akhtaruzzuman and Shafie, even a penguin's body reflects the proportions of Golden Ratio; with the eyes, beak, wing, and significant markings falling at the top golden sections. 

The peacock's feathers are one of the most beautiful example of The Golden Ratio in nature. 

The Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Sequence in more distinctly minute features includes "microtubules" of animal cells. In mammals, each of these is comprised of 13 columns; 8 of which are lefthanded and 5 of which are righthanded, and these are all Fibonacci numbers. In case of double microtubules, the number of columns is 21, the next number in the sequence.  While Livio contradicts the possibility, many theorists insist a potential  causal/correlation between these numbers and more efficient information processors. Livio considers it potentially coincidental. 

Between 1810 and 1876, lived a German psychologist,, Adolf Zeising, and while observing animal skeletons and bones. The branching veins and nerves allowed him to establish a link to the Divine Proportion. 

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