Architecture

 Structural harmony always elevates the aesthetic value of anything, including architecture. The book "De Architectura", a book by a Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius solidifies this statement. He also stated that architecture consists of order, arrangement, proportion, symmetry, décor, and distribution. Theorists, mathematicians, astronomers and architects such as Cartwright, Sartwell, Johannes Kepler, Akhtaruzzuman and Shafie. (Stakhov 42)

Examples can be found scattered throughout history, dating back to Ancient Greece and Egypt. 

It is speculated that in Gothic castles were made more durable as builders formed bricks in a specific rectangular "parallelepiped" shapes, and were referred to as "Golden Bricks". According to Akharuzzuman and Shafie pointed out that even in the Renaissance architecture contained hints of it. 

Posamentier and Lehmann 231 states that many architects throughout the ages deliberately used the Golden Section "in their sketches and construction plans, either for the entire work or apportionment of parts". 

Between 490 BC-430 BC, while designing the Parthenon structures, Greek mathematician Phideas is said to have applied the golden ratio. Yet it was long before it, in fact, two millennia earlier that the Great Pyramids of Egypt were structured with Phi in mind. 

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence demonstrates an understanding and attempt of the Golden Ratio, and its dome's original rough sketch displays Fibonacci numbers as well as their halves to project curvature of segments. Another example from the Renaissance include the Church of San Nicola. 

The infamous Taj Mahal in India has a ratio of length to width of 1.6, abiding by the golden ratio.

In more contemporary architecture, Mole Antonelliana, a five story building in Italy, has the first Fibonacci numbers illuminated in neon lights on one of the dome faces. 

The Core, built in 2005 was shaped like a sunflower, and it used biomimicry and patterns reflecting the Fibonacci sequence. 


The Parthenon is a historical example of the application of Golden Ratio in architecture.  The ratio of the base to the height of the columns is 1:1.5, moreover, The Parthenon is 30.8 m wide and 69.51 m long, therefore the ratio is 4.9. 

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